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How to Install Microsoft SQL Server on Windows and Linux
Edited 4 days ago by ExtremeHow Editorial Team
Microsoft SQL ServerWindowsLinuxInstallationDatabaseSetupConfigurationITSoftwareServer
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Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed by Microsoft. It is a software product that primarily stores and retrieves data requested by other software applications. Installing SQL Server may seem challenging if you are doing it for the first time, but with clear guidance, the process can be simple and straightforward. This guide will walk you through the installation process of SQL Server on both Windows and Linux operating systems.
Installing SQL Server on Windows
Installing SQL Server on Windows operating system is a straightforward process, made possible thanks to the graphical installer. Before starting the installation, make sure that your system meets the necessary pre-requisites.
Prerequisites
- Windows Operating System: SQL Server can be installed on Windows 10, Windows Server 2016, and later versions.
- Administrator privileges: You need administrative rights on the computer to install SQL Server.
- Hardware requirements: At least 6 GB of available hard disk space and 4 GB of RAM.
Step-by-step guide to installing SQL Server on Windows
1. Download SQL Server: Visit the Microsoft SQL Server website to download the latest version of SQL Server. Choose the edition that best suits your needs (Express, Developer, or the full Standard edition). Once the download is complete, run the installer.
<!-- Example: Executing the downloaded file --> Setup.exe2. Select the installation type: When the SQL Server Installation Center opens, select 'New SQL Server stand-alone installation or Add features to an existing installation'.
3. Accept license terms: Read the license terms and conditions. Agree to the terms to proceed with the installation.
4. Choose features: You can choose which features to install. Common features include database engine services, full-text and semantic extraction for search, and client tool connect.
Example of choosing features:
<!-- List features to choose --> - Database Engine Services - Full-Text and Semantic Extractions for Search - Client Tools Connectivity5. Instance configuration: Define your instance by specifying a name. You can choose the default instance or create a named instance.
Example of defining an instance:
<!-- Instance Options --> Instance configuration: Default Instance Instance ID: MSSQLSERVER6. Server configuration: Specify the SQL Server settings, including the startup type. SQL Server services can be run with either a default account (recommended) or a domain account.
Example of server configuration:
<!-- Service configuration --> Set SQL Server Database Engine to Automatic startup7. Database Engine Configuration: For authentication purposes, choose either Windows Authentication Mode or Mixed Mode. If choosing Mixed Mode, remember to enter a strong password for the System Administrator (SA) account.
Example of engine configuration:
<!-- Authentication Mode --> Windows Authentication Mode Add current user to specify SQL Server administrator8. Complete the installation: Follow the rest of the prompts and then click 'Install'. SQL Server will automatically apply the selected configuration and complete its setup on your machine. This may take a few minutes.
Installing SQL Server on Linux
Recently it has become very common to install SQL Server on Linux. Microsoft provides installation packages for several Linux distributions, including Ubuntu, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES).
Prerequisites
- Linux distributions: This guide considers Ubuntu as an example.
- Sudo access: You need superuser privileges to perform the installation.
- Hardware Requirements: Sufficient processing power is allocated to meet the demands of SQL Server. No less than 4 GB of RAM is recommended.
Step-by-step guide to installing SQL Server on Linux
1. Import the Microsoft GPG key: Before you can install the SQL Server repository, you must register the Microsoft signing key.
<!-- Importing Microsoft GPG key on Ubuntu --> curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -2. Register the SQL Server Repository: Set up the SQL Server repository on your Linux machine.
<!-- Register SQL Server repository - Ubuntu --> sudo add-apt-repository "$(curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/$(lsb_release -rs)/mssql-server-2019.list)"3. Install SQL Server: Run the install command for SQL Server. During this process, the packages will be downloaded and installed on your machine.
<!-- Installing SQL Server --> sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y mssql-server4. Configure SQL Server: Once the installation is complete, execute the configuration script to complete the setup. Configure your SQL Server by specifying license terms and password settings.
<!-- Running the SQL Server setup script --> sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup5. Verify the SQL Server installation: Check the status to make sure that SQL Server is running properly on your system.
<!-- Verify Service Status --> systemctl status mssql-serverAdditional equipment
Once SQL Server is installed, you may want to use the SQL Server command line tools to interact with your database. This is optional but recommended for database management from the terminal.
Installing SQL Server Command Line Tools
1. Install the required repositories: Add the repository for SQL Tools.
<!-- Add SQL command-line tools repository on Ubuntu --> sudo add-apt-repository "$(curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/$(lsb_release -rs)/prod.list)"2. Install Tools: Update and install your sources.
<!-- Install sqlcmd and bcp tools --> sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y mssql-tools unixodbc-dev3. Add tools to system PATH: Add the tools to your system’s PATH to make sure they are easily executable.
<!-- Edit PATH --> echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc source ~/.bashrcConclusion
Whether Windows or Linux, installing Microsoft SQL Server involves some important steps of configuration. Although the procedures differ from one operating system to another, with this guide you will be able to navigate them with clarity. Whether you are setting up SQL Server for development purposes or for a production environment, ensuring that the steps are followed correctly guarantees a successful installation. Start by ensuring that your system meets the necessary requirements, proceed with downloading the installer, and finish by completing the setup steps. After installation, you have configurations to make sure that the server meets your application requirements. Remember, no matter what the operating system, we are dealing with the robust capabilities that SQL Server provides.
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