How to Build a PC

Edited 1 week ago by ExtremeHow Editorial Team

PCBuildComputersHardwareDIYGamingComponentsSkillsIT

Building your own PC may seem like a daunting task, but it is an extremely rewarding and educational experience. By the end of this guide, you should have a good understanding of how to put together your own custom computer. We'll go over each component needed, explain their functionalities, and provide step-by-step instructions on how to assemble them. Let's break everything down into simple, manageable steps.

Components you will need

The first step to building your own PC is to gather all the necessary components. Here is a list of things you will need:

• Case
• Power Supply Unit (PSU)
• Motherboard
• Central Processing Unit (CPU)
• Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
• Storage (HDD or SSD)
• Cooling system (CPU cooler or liquid cooling)
• Monitor, keyboard, and mouse

Case

The case is the casing in which all your PC components are housed. It comes in various shapes and sizes, and choosing the right case often depends on your personal preference and the space available for your setup. Make sure the case is compatible with the size of your motherboard (ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX).

Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The PSU provides power to all your components. Keeping future upgrades in mind, choose a PSU with enough wattage to support your system. A good quality PSU ensures stable power supply and prevents potential damage.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board connecting all your PC components. Ensure compatibility with your CPU and RAM. It has different slots for components like CPU, RAM, and GPU.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the brain of your computer. Choose a CPU that is compatible with the type of socket on your motherboard. CPUs are produced by two main manufacturers: Intel and AMD.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is your computer's short-term memory. It provides quick access to data currently being used by the CPU. Ensure compatibility with your motherboard and CPU.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

The GPU handles rendering images and videos. If you plan on playing games or editing videos, invest in a good GPU. Some CPUs have integrated graphics, eliminating the need for a separate GPU for basic tasks.

Storage (HDD or SSD)

Storage is where your data is saved. SSDs are faster than HDDs and improve overall system performance. You can choose a combination of both, using SSD for your operating system and applications and HDD for storage.

Cooling system (CPU cooler or liquid cooling)

CPUs require cooling to work safely. Stock coolers often come with the CPU, but aftermarket coolers or liquid cooling systems offer better performance, especially if you plan to overclock your CPU.

Monitor, keyboard, and mouse

Finally, you will need a monitor, keyboard, and mouse to connect to your PC. The choice depends on your preferences and needs.

Tools you'll need

Before you start assembling your PC, gather the necessary tools. Here's what you'll need:

• Phillips-head screwdriver
• Anti-static wrist strap (optional)
• Thermal paste (sometimes comes with the CPU cooler)

Step-by-step assembly

Step 1: Prepare your workplace

Find a clean, level and well-lit workspace. An anti-static mat can prevent static electricity from damaging your components. Ground yourself by using an anti-static wrist strap if you have one.

Step 2: Install the CPU

Open the CPU socket on the motherboard by raising the lever. Align the golden triangle on the CPU with the triangle on the socket. Place the CPU gently in the socket without applying force. Lower the lever to secure the CPU in place.

Step 3: Install the CPU cooler

If your cooler does not come pre-applied with thermal paste, apply a small amount (about the size of a pea) to the CPU. Connect the cooler to the motherboard according to the manufacturer's instructions. Connect the cooler's power cable to the appropriate header on the motherboard.

Step 4: Install the RAM

Locate the RAM slot on the motherboard. Press down on the latches on either end of the slot. Align the notch on the RAM module with the slot, then press firmly until the latches snap back into place.

Step 5: Install the motherboard into the case

Place the motherboard's I/O shield into the case's back panel. Align the motherboard with the standoffs in the case and secure it using the screws. Make sure all the required ports on the motherboard are aligned with the I/O shield.

Step 6: Install the Power Supply (PSU)

Insert the PSU into its designated location in the case (usually at the bottom or top rear). Secure it with screws. Connect the main power cable from the PSU to the motherboard.

Step 7: Install storage

For SSDs and HDDs, locate the storage bays in your case. Slide the storage drives into the bays and secure them with screws. Connect the SATA data cables from the storage device to the motherboard and the SATA power cables from the PSU to the storage device.

Step 8: Install the GPU

Locate the PCIe slot on the motherboard. Align the GPU with the slot and press down until it snaps securely into place. Be sure to secure the GPU to the case using screws.

Step 9: Connect the power cable

Connect the remaining power cables from the PSU to the appropriate components. This includes the CPU power cable, GPU power cable (if needed), and any additional components like fans or RGB lighting.

Step 10: Organize the cables

Use cable ties or Velcro straps to organize and secure your cables. This improves airflow and makes your build look neat.

Step 11: Final check

Double-check all connections and make sure all components are securely installed. Verify that no screws or cables are loose.

Powering up

Step 1: Connect the peripherals

Connect your monitor, keyboard, and mouse to the appropriate ports located on the back of your PC.

Step 2: Turn on the PC

Plug your PC into a power outlet and flip the switch on the PSU to the "On" position. Press the power button on the case to turn on your PC. If everything is connected correctly, you should see lights and hear fans spinning.

Step 3: Enter the BIOS

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is the firmware interface between your PC's hardware and operating system. To enter BIOS, press the designated key (usually Del or F2) during the boot process. Check your motherboard manual for details.

Step 4: Verify the hardware

In the BIOS, verify that all of your components (CPU, RAM, storage drives, etc.) are detected. This confirms that everything is installed correctly.

Step 5: Install the operating system (OS)

Insert your OS installation media (e.g., a USB flash drive or DVD). Follow the on-screen instructions to install the operating system. Once the OS is installed, update all drivers and software to ensure optimal performance.

Troubleshooting tips

If your PC won't turn on or displays an error message, don't panic. Here are some common troubleshooting steps:

• Check all power connections. Make sure all cables are plugged in securely.
• Make sure the power switch on the PSU is set to "On."
• Reinstall the RAM and GPU. Disconnect and reinstall them to make sure they are installed correctly.
• Verify that the CMOS battery on the motherboard is not gone. This is a small coin-sized battery that maintains BIOS settings.
• Consult your motherboard's manual for error codes or beeps. These may indicate specific problems.
• If you've gathered everything correctly but are still having issues, consider seeking assistance on an online forum or from a professional.

Enjoy your new PC

Once everything is up and running, you can start enjoying your custom-built PC. Install your favorite software, games and start using your new machine to its full potential.

Maintenance tips

Regular maintenance ensures that your PC continues to run smoothly. Here are some tips:

• Keep your PC clean by regularly dusting the inside. Compressed air can help remove dust from hard-to-reach places.
• Update your software and drivers to ensure your PC has the latest security patches and performance improvements.
• Keep an eye on your system's temperature and make sure your cooling system works efficiently.

Building your PC isn't just about assembling components; it's about understanding how they work together. This knowledge can be beneficial for future upgrades or troubleshooting issues. A custom-built PC offers flexibility, allowing you to tailor the machine to your specific needs, whether it's gaming, professional work, or everyday computing.

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